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<span class="token keyword">const</span> os <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'os'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取当前Node内存堆栈情况</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> rss<span class="token punctuation">,</span> heapUsed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> heapTotal <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> process<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">memoryUsage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取系统空闲内存</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> sysFree <span class="token operator">=</span> os<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">freemem</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取系统总内存</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> sysTotal <span class="token operator">=</span> os<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">totalmem</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function-variable function">memory</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      sys<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> sysFree <span class="token operator">/</span> sysTotal<span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token comment">// 系统内存占用率</span>
      heap<span class="token operator">:</span> heapUsed <span class="token operator">/</span> headTotal<span class="token punctuation">,</span>   <span class="token comment">// Node堆内存占用率</span>
      node<span class="token operator">:</span> rss <span class="token operator">/</span> sysTotal<span class="token punctuation">,</span>         <span class="token comment">// Node占用系统内存的比例</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><ul><li>rss：表示node进程占用的内存总量。</li> <li>heapTotal：表示堆内存的总量。</li> <li>heapUsed：实际堆内存的使用量。</li> <li>external ：外部程序的内存使用量，包含Node核心的C++程序的内存使用量</li></ul> <p>在<code>Node</code>中，一个进程的最大内存容量为1.5GB。因此我们需要减少内存泄露</p> <h3 id="磁盘-i-o"><a href="#磁盘-i-o" class="header-anchor">#</a> 磁盘 I/O</h3> <p>硬盘的<code>IO</code> 开销是非常昂贵的，硬盘 IO 花费的 CPU 时钟周期是内存的 164000 倍</p> <p>内存 <code>IO</code>比磁盘<code>IO</code> 快非常多，所以使用内存缓存数据是有效的优化方法。常用的工具如 <code>redis</code>、<code>memcached</code>等</p> <p>并不是所有数据都需要缓存，访问频率高，生成代价比较高的才考虑是否缓存，也就是说影响你性能瓶颈的考虑去缓存，并且而且缓存还有缓存雪崩、缓存穿透等问题要解决</p> <h2 id="二、如何监控"><a href="#二、如何监控" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、如何监控</h2> <p>关于性能方面的监控，一般情况都需要借助工具来实现</p> <p>这里采用<code>Easy-Monitor 2.0</code>，其是轻量级的 <code>Node.js</code> 项目内核性能监控 + 分析工具，在默认模式下，只需要在项目入口文件 <code>require</code> 一次，无需改动任何业务代码即可开启内核级别的性能监控分析</p> <p>使用方法如下：</p> <p>在你的项目入口文件中按照如下方式引入，当然请传入你的项目名称：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> easyMonitor <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'easy-monitor'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">easyMonitor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'你的项目名称'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>打开你的浏览器，访问 <code>http://localhost:12333</code> ，即可看到进程界面</p> <p>关于定制化开发、通用配置项以及如何动态更新配置项详见官方文档</p> <h2 id="三、如何优化"><a href="#三、如何优化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、如何优化</h2> <p>关于<code>Node</code>的性能优化的方式有：</p> <ul><li>使用最新版本Node.js</li> <li>正确使用流 Stream</li> <li>代码层面优化</li> <li>内存管理优化</li></ul> <h3 id="使用最新版本node-js"><a href="#使用最新版本node-js" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用最新版本Node.js</h3> <p>每个版本的性能提升主要来自于两个方面：</p> <ul><li>V8 的版本更新</li> <li>Node.js 内部代码的更新优化</li></ul> <h3 id="正确使用流-stream"><a href="#正确使用流-stream" class="header-anchor">#</a> 正确使用流 Stream</h3> <p>在<code>Node</code>中，很多对象都实现了流，对于一个大文件可以通过流的形式发送，不需要将其完全读入内存</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> http <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'http'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> fs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fs'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// bad</span>
http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createServer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/data.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// good</span>
http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createServer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> stream <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createReadStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/data.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    stream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pipe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="代码层面优化"><a href="#代码层面优化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 代码层面优化</h3> <p>合并查询，将多次查询合并一次，减少数据库的查询次数</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// bad</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> user_id <span class="token keyword">in</span> userIds 
     <span class="token keyword">let</span> account <span class="token operator">=</span> user_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findOne</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// good</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> user_account_map <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>   <span class="token comment">// 注意这个对象将会消耗大量内存。</span>
user_account<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user_id <span class="token keyword">in</span> user_ids<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">account</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    user_account_map<span class="token punctuation">[</span>account<span class="token punctuation">.</span>user_id<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>  account
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> user_id <span class="token keyword">in</span> userIds 
    <span class="token keyword">var</span> account <span class="token operator">=</span> user_account_map<span class="token punctuation">[</span>user_id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="内存管理优化"><a href="#内存管理优化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 内存管理优化</h3> <p>在 V8 中，主要将内存分为新生代和老生代两代：</p> <ul><li>新生代：对象的存活时间较短。新生对象或只经过一次垃圾回收的对象</li> <li>老生代：对象存活时间较长。经历过一次或多次垃圾回收的对象</li></ul> <p>若新生代内存空间不够，直接分配到老生代</p> <p>通过减少内存占用，可以提高服务器的性能。如果有内存泄露，也会导致大量的对象存储到老生代中，服务器性能会大大降低</p> <p>如下面情况：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> buffer <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/source/index.htm'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">ctx</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>body <span class="token operator">=</span> buffer<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        leak<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readFileSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/source/index.htm'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">const</span> leak <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>leak</code>的内存非常大，造成内存泄露，应当避免这样的操作，通过减少内存使用，是提高服务性能的手段之一</p> <p>而节省内存最好的方式是使用池，其将频用、可复用对象存储起来，减少创建和销毁操作</p> <p>例如有个图片请求接口，每次请求，都需要用到类。若每次都需要重新new这些类，并不是很合适，在大量请求时，频繁创建和销毁这些类，造成内存抖动</p> <p>使用对象池的机制，对这种频繁需要创建和销毁的对象保存在一个对象池中。每次用到该对象时，就取对象池空闲的对象，并对它进行初始化操作，从而提高框架的性能</p> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li>https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000039327565</li> <li>https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/50055740</li> <li>https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010231628</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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